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Title
Code JEL
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A1 - General Economics
- A10 - General
-- A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists
-- A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
-- A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
-- A14 - Sociology of Economics
-- A19 - Other
A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics
- A20 - General
-- A21 - pre-college
-- A22 - Undergraduate
-- A23 - Graduate
-- A29 - Other
A3 - Collective Works
- A30 - General
-- A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
-- A32 - Volumes
-- A33 - Handbooks
-- A39 - Other
- B0 - General
- B00 - General
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
- B10 - General
-- B11 - Preclassical
-- B12 - Classical
-- B13 - Neoclassical through 1925
-- B14 - Socialist; Marxist
-- B15 - Historical; Institutional
-- B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
-- B19 - Other
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
- B20 - General
-- B21 - Microeconomics
-- B22 - Macroeconomics
-- B23 - History of Economic Thought: Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
-- B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian
-- B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
-- B29 - Other
B3 - History of Thought: Individuals
- B30 - General
-- B31 - Individuals
-- B32 - Obituaries
B4 - Economic Methodology
- B40 - General
-- B41 - Economic Methodology
-- B49 - Other
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
- B50 - General
-- B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
-- B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary
-- B53 - Austrian
-- B54 - Feminist Economics
-- B59 - Other
- C0 - General
- C00 - General
-- C01 - Econometrics
-- C02 - Mathematical Methods
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General
- C10 - General
-- C11 - Bayesian Analysis
-- C12 - Hypothesis Testing
-- C13 - Estimate
-- C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods
-- C15 - Simulation Methods
-- C16 - Specific Distributions
-- C19 - Other
C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables
- C20 - General
-- C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
-- C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
-- C23 - Models with Panel Data
-- C24 - Truncated and Censored Models
-- C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
-- C29 - Other
C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models
- C30 - General
-- C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
-- C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
-- C33 - Models with Panel Data
-- C34 - Truncated and Censored Models
-- C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
-- C39 - Other
C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
- C40 - General
-- C41 - Duration Analysis
-- C42 - Classificaton Discontinued 2008. See C83.
-- C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
-- C44 - Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research
-- C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
-- C46 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics
-- C49 - Other
C5 - Econometric Modeling
- C50 - General
-- C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
-- C52 - Model Evaluation and Selection
-- C53 - Forecasting and Other Model Applications
-- C59 - Other
C6 - Mathematical Methods and Programming
- C60 - General
-- C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
-- C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
-- C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
-- C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
-- C67 - Input-Output Models
-- C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
-- C69 - Other
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
- C70 - General
-- C71 - Cooperative Games
-- C72 - Noncooperative Games
-- C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
-- C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
-- C79 - Other
C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
- C80 - General
-- C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data
-- C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data
-- C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
-- C87 - Econometric Software
-- C88 - Other Computer Software
-- C89 - Other
C9 - Design of Experiments
- C90 - General
-- C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
-- C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
-- C93 - Field Experiments
-- C99 - Other
- D0 - General
- D00 - General
-- D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
-- D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
-- D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
- D10 - General
-- D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
-- D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
-- D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
-- D14 - Personal Finance
-- D18 - Consumer Protection
-- D19 - Other
D2 - Production and Organizations
- D20 - General
-- D21 - Firm Behavior
-- D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
-- D24 - Production; Cost; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
-- D29 - Other
D3 - Distribution
- D30 - General
-- D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
-- D33 - Factor Income Distribution
-- D39 - Other
D4 - Market Structure and Pricing
- D40 - General
-- D41 - Perfect Competition
-- D42 - Monopoly
-- D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
-- D44 - Auctions
-- D45 - Rationing; Licensing
-- D46 - Value Theory
-- D49 - Other
D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
- D50 - General
-- D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
-- D52 - Incomplete Markets
-- D53 - Financial Markets
-- D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
-- D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
-- D59 - Other
D6 - Welfare Economics
- D60 - General
-- D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
-- D62 - Externalities
-- D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
-- D64 - Altruism
-- D69 - Other
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
- D70 - General
-- D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
-- D72 - Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
-- D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
-- D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
-- D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
-- D79 - Other
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
- D80 - General
-- D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
-- D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information
-- D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief
-- D84 - Expectations; Speculations
-- D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
-- D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
-- D87 - Neuroeconomics
-- D89 - Other
D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth
- D90 - General
-- D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
-- D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
-- D99 - Other
- E0 - General
- E00 - General
-- E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth
-- E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E1 - General Aggregative Models
- E10 - General
-- E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
-- E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
-- E13 - Neoclassical
-- E17 - Forecasting and Simulation
-- E19 - Other
E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
- E20 - General
-- E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
-- E22 - Capital; Investment; Capacity
-- E23 - Production
-- E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
-- E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
-- E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
-- E27 - Forecasting and Simulation
-- E29 - Other
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
- E30 - General
-- E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
-- E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
-- E37 - Forecasting and Simulation
-- E39 - Other
E4 - Money and Interest Rates
- E40 - General
-- E41 - Demand for Money
-- E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
-- E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
-- E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
-- E47 - Forecasting and Simulation
-- E49 - Other
E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
- E50 - General
-- E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
-- E52 - Monetary Policy
-- E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
-- E59 - Other
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
- E60 - General
-- E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
-- E62 - Fiscal Policy
-- E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization
-- E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
-- E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
-- E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
-- E69 - Other
- F0 - General
- F00 - General
-- F01 - Global Outlook
-- F02 - International Economic Order
F1 - Trade
- F10 - General
-- F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
-- F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
-- F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
-- F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
-- F15 - Economic Integration
-- F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
-- F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
-- F18 - Trade and Environment
-- F19 - Other
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
- F20 - General
-- F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
-- F22 - International Migration
-- F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
-- F24 - Remittances
-- F29 - Other
F3 - International Finance
- F30 - General
-- F31 - Foreign Exchange
-- F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
-- F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
-- F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
-- F35 - Foreign Aid
-- F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
-- F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation
-- F39 - Other
F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
- F40 - General
-- F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
-- F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
-- F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
-- F47 - Forecasting and Simulation
-- F49 - Other
F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy
- F50 - General
-- F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
-- F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism
-- F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
-- F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
-- F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
-- F59 - International Relations and International Political Economy: Other
- G0 - General
- G00 - General
-- G01 - Financial Crises
G1 - General Financial Markets
- G10 - General
-- G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
-- G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates
-- G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
-- G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
-- G15 - International Financial Markets
-- G17 - Financial Forecasting
-- G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
-- G19 - Other
G2 - Financial Institutions and Services
- G20 - General
-- G21 - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
-- G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies
-- G23 - Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions
-- G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
-- G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
-- G29 - Other
G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance
- G30 - General
-- G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
-- G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure
-- G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
-- G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
-- G35 - Payout Policy
-- G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
-- G39 - Other
- H0 - General
- H00 - General
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
- H10 - General
-- H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
-- H19 - Other
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- H20 - General
-- H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
-- H22 - Incidence
-- H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
-- H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
-- H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
-- H26 - Tax Evasion
-- H27 - Other Sources of Revenue
-- H29 - Other
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
- H30 - General
-- H31 - Household
-- H32 - Firm
-- H39 - Other
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
- H40 - General
-- H41 - Public Goods
-- H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
-- H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
-- H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
-- H49 - Other
H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
- H50 - General
-- H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
-- H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
-- H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
-- H54 - Infrastructure; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
-- H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
-- H56 - National Security and War
-- H57 - Procurement
-- H59 - Other
H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
- H60 - General
-- H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
-- H62 - Deficit; Surplus
-- H63 - Debt; Debt Management
-- H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
-- H69 - Other
H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
- H70 - General
-- H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
-- H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
-- H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
-- H74 - State and Local Borrowing
-- H75 - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
-- H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
-- H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
-- H79 - Other
H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
- H80 - General
-- H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, Credits, and Grants
-- H82 - Governmental Property
-- H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
-- H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
-- H89 - Other
- I0 - General
- I00 - General
I1 - Health
- I10 - General
-- I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
-- I12 - Health Production
-- I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
-- I19 - Other
I2 - Education and Research Insititutions
- I20 - General
-- I21 - Analysis of Education
-- I22 - Educational Finance
-- I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions
-- I28 - Government Policy
-- I29 - Other
I3 - Welfare and Poverty
- I30 - General
-- I31 - General Welfare
-- I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
-- I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
-- I39 - Other
- J0 - General
- J00 - General
-- J01 - Labor Economics: General
-- J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J1 - Demographic Economics
- J10 - General
-- J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts
-- J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
-- J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
-- J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
-- J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
-- J16 - Economics of Gen Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
-- J17 - Value of Life; Forgone Income
-- J18 - Public Policy
-- J19 - Other
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
- J20 - General
-- J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
-- J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
-- J23 - Labor Demand
-- J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
-- J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies
-- J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
-- J29 - Other
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- J30 - General
-- J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
-- J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
-- J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
-- J38 - Public Policy
-- J39 - Other
J4 - Particular Labor Markets
- J40 - General
-- J41 - Labor Contracts
-- J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
-- J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
-- J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
-- J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
-- J48 - Public Policy
-- J49 - Other
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
- J50 - General
-- J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
-- J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
-- J53 - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
-- J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
-- J58 - Public Policy
-- J59 - Other
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
- J60 - General
-- J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
-- J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
-- J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
-- J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
-- J65 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
-- J68 - Public Policy
-- J69 - Other
J7 - Labor Discrimination
- J70 - General
-- J71 - Discrimination
-- J78 - Public Policy
-- J79 - Other
J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
- J80 - General
-- J81 - Working Conditions
-- J82 - Labor Force Composition
-- J83 - Workers' Rights
-- J88 - Public Policy
-- J89 - Other
- K0 - General
- K00 - General
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
- K10 - General
-- K11 - Property Law
-- K12 - Contract Law
-- K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
-- K14 - Criminal Law
-- K19 - Other
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
- K20 - General
-- K21 - Antitrust Law
-- K22 - Corporation and Securities Law
-- K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
-- K29 - Other
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
- K30 - General
-- K31 - Labor Law
-- K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
-- K33 - International Law
-- K34 - Tax Law
-- K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
-- K36 - Family and Personal Law
-- K39 - Other
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
- K40 - General
-- K41 - Litigation Process
-- K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
-- K49 - Other
- L0 - General
- L00 - General
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
- L10 - General
-- L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
-- L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
-- L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
-- L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
-- L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
-- L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
-- L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
-- L19 - Other
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- L20 - General
-- L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
-- L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
-- L23 - Organization of Production
-- L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing
-- L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
-- L26 - Entrepreneurship
-- L29 - Other
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
- L30 - General
-- L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
-- L32 - Public Enterprises
-- L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out
-- L38 - Public Policy
-- L39 - Other
L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
- L40 - General
-- L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
-- L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
-- L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
-- L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
-- L49 - Other
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
- L50 - General
-- L51 - Economics of Regulation
-- L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
-- L53 - Enterprise Policy
-- L59 - Other
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- L60 - General
-- L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
-- L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
-- L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
-- L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
-- L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
-- L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
-- L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
-- L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
-- L69 - Other
L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- L70 - General
-- L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
-- L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
-- L73 - Forest Products
-- L74 - Construction
-- L78 - Government Policy
-- L79 - Other
L8 - Industry Studies: Services
- L80 - General
-- L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; eCommerce
-- L82 - Entertainment; Media
-- L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
-- L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
-- L85 - Real Estate Services
-- L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
-- L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
-- L88 - Government Policy
-- L89 - Other
L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
- L90 - General
-- L91 - Transportation: General
-- L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
-- L93 - Air Transportation
-- L94 - Electric Utilities
-- L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
-- L96 - Telecommunications
-- L97 - Utilities: General
-- L98 - Government Policy
-- L99 - Other
- M0 - General
- M00 - General
M1 - Business Administration
- M10 - General
-- M11 - Production Management
-- M12 - Personnel Management
-- M13 - New Firms; Startups
-- M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
-- M15 - IT Management
-- M16 - International Business Administration
-- M19 - Other
M2 - Business Economics
- M20 - General
-- M21 - Business Economics
-- M29 - Other
M3 - Marketing and Advertising
- M30 - General
-- M31 - Marketing
-- M37 - Advertising
-- M38 - Government Policy and Regulation
-- M39 - Other
M4 - Accounting and Auditing
- M40 - General
-- M41 - Accounting
-- M42 - Auditing
-- M48 - Government Policy and Regulation
-- M49 - Other
M5 - Personnel Economics
- M50 - General
-- M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
-- M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
-- M53 - Training
-- M54 - Labor Management
-- M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
-- M59 - Other
- N0 - General
- N00 - General
-- N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
- N10 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N14 - Europe: 1913-
-- N15 - Asia including Middle East
-- N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N17 - Africa; Oceania
N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
- N20 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N24 - Europe: 1913-
-- N25 - Asia including Middle East
-- N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N27 - Africa; Oceania
N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion
- N30 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913
-- N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N34 - Europe: 1913
-- N35 - Asia including Middle East
-- N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N37 - Africa; Oceania
N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation
- N40 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N44 - Europe: 1913-
-- N45 - Asia including Middle East
-- N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N47 - Africa; Oceania
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
- N50 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N54 - Europe: 1913-
-- N55 - Asia including Middle East
-- N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N57 - Africa; Oceania
N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
- N60 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N64 - Europe: 1913-
-- N65 - Asia including Middle East
-- N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N67 - Africa; Oceania
N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
- N70 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N74 - Europe: 1913-
-- N75 - Asia including Middle East
-- N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N77 - Africa; Oceania
N8 - Micro-Business History
- N80 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N84 - Europe: 1913-
-- N85 - Asia including Middle East
-- N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N87 - Africa; Oceania
N9 - Regional and Urban History
- N90 - General, International, or Comparative
-- N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-- N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-- N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
-- N94 - Europe: 1913-
-- N95 - Asia including Middle East
-- N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- N97 - Africa; Oceania
O1 - Economic Development
- O10 - General
-- O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
-- O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
-- O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
-- O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
-- O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
-- O16 - Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
-- O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
-- O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
-- O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
- O20 - General
-- O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
-- O22 - Project Analysis
-- O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
-- O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
-- O25 - Industrial Policy
-- O29 - Other
O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development
- O30 - General
-- O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
-- O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
-- O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
-- O34 - Intellectual Property Rights
-- O38 - Government Policy
-- O39 - Other
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
- O40 - General
-- O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
-- O42 - Monetary Growth Models
-- O43 - Institutions and Growth
-- O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-country Output Convergence
-- O49 - Other
O5 - Economywide Country Studies
- O50 - General
-- O51 - U.S.; Canada
-- O52 - Europe
-- O53 - Asia including Middle East
-- O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
-- O55 - Africa
-- O56 - Oceania
-- O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
- P0 - General
- P00 - General
P1 - Capitalist Systems
- P10 - General
-- P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
-- P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
-- P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
-- P14 - Property Rights
-- P16 - Political Economy
-- P17 - Performance and Prospects
-- P19 - Other
P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
- P20 - General
-- P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
-- P22 - Prices
-- P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
-- P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
-- P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
-- P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
-- P27 - Performance and Prospects
-- P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
-- P29 - Other
P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
- P30 - General
-- P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
-- P32 - Collectives; Municipalities; Agriculture
-- P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
-- P34 - Financial Economics
-- P35 - Public Economics
-- P36 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health, Education and Training, Welfare, and Poverty
-- P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
-- P39 - Other
P4 - Other Economic Systems
- P40 - General
-- P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
-- P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
-- P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
-- P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
-- P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
-- P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty
-- P47 - Performance and Prospects
-- P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights
-- P49 - Other
P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
- P50 - General
-- P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
-- P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
-- P59 - Other
- Q0 - General
- Q00 - General
-- Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q1 - Agriculture
- Q10 - General
-- Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
-- Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
-- Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
-- Q14 - Agricultural Finance
-- Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
-- Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
-- Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
-- Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
-- Q19 - Other
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
- Q20 - General
-- Q21 - Demand and Supply
-- Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
-- Q23 - Forestry
-- Q24 - Land
-- Q25 - Water
-- Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
-- Q27 - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade
-- Q28 - Government Policy
-- Q29 - Other
Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
- Q30 - General
-- Q31 - Demand and Supply
-- Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
-- Q33 - Resource Booms
-- Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
-- Q38 - Government Policy
-- Q39 - Other
Q4 - Energy
- Q40 - General
-- Q41 - Demand and Supply
-- Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
-- Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
-- Q47 - Energy Forecasting
-- Q48 - Government Policy
-- Q49 - Other
Q5 - Environmental Economics
- Q50 - General
-- Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
-- Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
-- Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
-- Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming
-- Q55 - Technological Innovation
-- Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
-- Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
-- Q58 - Government Policy
-- Q59 - Other
- R0 - General
- R00 - General
R1 - General Regional Economics
- R10 - General
-- R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
-- R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
-- R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
-- R14 - Land Use Patterns
-- R15 - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models
-- R19 - Other
R2 - Household Analysis
- R20 - General
-- R21 - Housing Demand
-- R22 - Other Demand
-- R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics
-- R28 - Government Policy
-- R29 - Other
R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location
- R30 - General
-- R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
-- R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
-- R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
-- R34 - Input Demand Analysis
-- R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
-- R39 - Other
R4 - Transportation Systems
- R40 - General
-- R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
-- R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis
-- R48 - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies; Transportation Planning
-- R49 - Other
R5 - Regional Government Analysis
- R50 - General
-- R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
-- R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
-- R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
-- R58 - Regional Development Policy
-- R59 - Other
Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
- Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts
Y2 - Introductory Material
- Y20 - Introductory Material
Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
- Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)
- Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified)
- Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)
Y6 - Excerpts
- Y60 - Excerpts
Y8 - Related Disciplines
- Y80 - Related Disciplines
Y9 - Other
- Y90 - Other
- Z0 - General
- Z00 - General
Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
- Z10 - General
-- Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
-- Z12 - Religion
-- Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
-- Z19 - Other
Department
01 - Ain
02 - Aisne
03 - Allier
04 - Alpes de Haute-Provence
05 - Hautes-Alpes
06 - Alpes-Maritimes
07 - Ardèche
08 - Ardennes
09 - Ariège
10 - Aube
11 - Aude
12 - Aveyron
13 - Bouches-du-Rhône
14 - Calvados
15 - Cantal
16 - Charente
17 - Charente-Maritime
18 - Cher
19 - Corrèze
20 - Corse
21 - Côte-d'Or
22 - Côtes d'Armor
23 - Creuse
24 - Dordogne
25 - Doubs
26 - Drôme
27 - Eure
28 - Eure-et-Loir
29 - Finistère
30 - Gard
31 - Haute-Garonne
32 - Gers
33 - Gironde
34 - Hérault
35 - Ille-et-Vilaine
36 - Indre
37 - Indre-et-Loire
38 - Isère
39 - Jura
40 - Landes
41 - Loir-et-Cher
42 - Loire
43 - Haute-Loire
44 - Loire-Atlantique
45 - Loiret
46 - Lot
47 - Lot-et-Garonne
48 - Lozère
49 - Maine-et-Loire
50 - Manche
51 - Marne
52 - Haute-Marne
53 - Mayenne
54 - Meurthe-et-Moselle
55 - Meuse
56 - Morbihan
57 - Moselle
58 - Nièvre
59 - Nord
60 - Oise
61 - Orne
62 - Pas-de-Calais
63 - Puy-de-Dôme
64 - Pyrénées-Atlantiques
65 - Hautes-Pyrénées
66 - Pyrénées-Orientales
67 - Bas-Rhin
68 - Haut-Rhin
69 - Rhône
70 - Haute-Saône
71 - Saône-et-Loire
72 - Sarthe
73 - Savoie
74 - Haute-Savoie
75 - Paris
76 - Seine-Maritime
77 - Seine-et-Marne
78 - Yvelines
79 - Deux-Sèvres
80 - Somme
81 - Tarn
82 - Tarn-et-Garonne
83 - Var
84 - Vaucluse
85 - Vendée
86 - Vienne
87 - Haute-Vienne
88 - Vosges
89 - Yonne
90 - Territoire-de-Belfort
91 - Essonne
92 - Hauts-de-Seine
93 - Seine-Saint-Denis
94 - Val-de-Marne
95 - Val-d'Oise
97 - DOM
971 - Guadeloupe
972 - Martinique
973 - Guyane
974 - Réunion
975 - Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
976 - Mayotte
98 - TOM
984 - Terres Australes et Antartiques
986 - Wallis et Futuna
987 - Polynésie
988 - Nouvelle Calédonie
Country
Afghanistan
South Africa
Albania
Algeria
Germany
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda
Netherlands Antilles
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cayman Islands
Cambodia (Kampuchea)
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chile
China
Christmas Island
Cyprus
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Congo, The Democratic Republik of
Cook Islands
Korea, Republic of
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominican Republic
Dominica
Egypt
El Salvardor
United Arab Emirates
Ecuador
Eritrea
Spain
Estonia
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
United States
Ethiopia
Falkland Islands
Faroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
South Georgia and the south Sandwich Islands
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greece
Grenada
Greenland
Guadeloupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
French Guiana
Haiti
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Honduras
Hungary
Bouvet Island
Minor Outlying Islands
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Virgin Islands, British
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Ireland
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Lesotho
Latvia
Lebanon
Liberia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Madagascar
Malaysia
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Mariana Islands (Northern)
Morocco
Marshall Islands
Martinique
Mauritius
Mauritania
Mayotte
Melanesie
Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Mozambique
Myanmar/Burma
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
New Caledonia
New Zealand
British Indian Ocean Territory
Oman
Uganda
Uzbekistan
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Netherlands
Peru
Philipines
Pitcairn Island
Poland
French Polynesia
Puerto Rico
Portugal
Qatar
Réunion
Romania
United Kingdom
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Western Sahara
Saint Kitts and Nevis
San Marino
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Solomon Islands
Samoa
American Samoa
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovakia (Slovak Republic)
Slovenia
Somalia
Sudan
South Sudan
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Suriname
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
Swaziland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Taïwan
Tanzania, United Republic of
Chad
Czech Republic
French Southern Territories
Thailand
East Timor
Togo
Tokelau Islands
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
Turkey
Tuvalu
Ukraine
Uruguay
Vanuatu
Holy See (Vatican City State)
Venezuela
Vietnam
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Yemen
Yugoslavia, former
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Continent
Enter continent name
Africa
South America
North America
Antarctica
Asia
Europe
Oceania
